ARTICLE CORRUPTION

Introduction.    

It is unfair to say that the evils of corruption belong to a particular country, nation or continent. I think it would be not wrong for corruption to be a global problem and therefore the solution to this evil can be tested on a global scale because we are not fighting against one man. It is also worth mentioning here that this text contains my views and opinions. Everyone has the right to disagree with me. I know that thousands of brilliant writers and experts have already written wonderful articles on this subject. It is my little effort to participate in the holy war against corruption for the benefit of the following people. Allah has given me the strength and power to do that. There is talk of frameworks to help the readers:-

Those involved in corruption directly or indirectly?

Those innocent people do not suffer in this evil or suffer in this way?

Framework.

• Definition of Corruption.

• How many forms of corruption?

• The consequences of corruption.

• Who is to blame for corruption?

• How can you stop corruption?

Definition of Corruption.    

Corruption has a wide range, corruption is an act of an immoral, greedy, and selfish person. He always uses shortcuts to make money.  

Forms of Corruption.    

There are many types of corruption but here we will discuss in detail the two types. The following:-

Financial Corruption.

It means that greedy government employees and politicians make money from bribes from people to get help. Financial corruption is the misappropriation of public funds, illicit investments for personal gain, money laundering, receiving of high-value gifts and all other items not covered under the law. Abuse of power especially financial power, misuse of government resources such as cars, machinery/equipment, telephones, electricity, gas, government housing, and all other government assets in addition to authorization are included around financial corruption. To gain financial gain for yourself to a relative or to improve the relations with politicians or high officials, the registration of unauthorized persons and all those persons who do not meet the conditions of registration is financial corruption. The illegal allocation of state land, the awarding of tenders, and the awarding of project contracts to a public fund through bribery or another financial gain will be termed financial fraud. Correction of fake document filing income tax forms so that real income tax can not apply. As such, all other forms of fraudulent personal gains are also covered by financial corruption.

Moral Corruption.    

Before defining morality, it is necessary to understand what is right. In my opinion, morality is your sense of understanding what is right and wrong and how to apply it to physical life. In addition, I like to say in a nutshell what the character means by "how he spends his life". Drinking womanizing, developing illicit relationships during duty hours and not doing his/her job as per norms and rules of his office is moral corruption. Torching, harassment, and compelling the under commands and co-workers to do something for gaining personal advantages is a big way of moral corruption at the world level. Moral corruption is more dangerous than financial corruption because mostly morally corrupt persons are doing also financial corruption. A morally corrupt person is a big source of corrupt elements for doing illegal activities in government and private institutions because he has a soft corner for them. Moral corruption is also being done especially with females at the time of posting/transfer and promotion.

Consequences of Corruption.    

The entire world has admitted that corruption is a huge barrier to progress. The negative impact of corruption is the same in the world. It is difficult to discuss all impacts. A few are as under:-

Economy.    

All development plans especially short terms are adversely affected. Foreign investors leave the country and withdraw their investments. In this situation, new foreign investors do not agree to investment and domestic investment automatically reduces. The pace of work of ongoing projects becomes very slow and these projects are gone into a loss instead of profit. Unemployment and poverty level increases. State income becomes decreased due to corruption in the public funds, misuse of government resources, and money laundering. The revenue department fails to achieve the target of revenue collection.

Image of Social Structure.   

Corruption collapses the structure of society. Because corruption does not only affects the government sectors, while the evil damage also all other private sectors of the country. You can see it in your daily life. Corruption leads to injustice and inequality, people feel insecure and start rules violation. Even some educated gentlemen are involved in criminal activities just to take their revenge. Corruption affects democracy values including its image around the globe. Immigration offices of all countries and states deal with all immigrants according to their image set at the international level. Bad image country's passport does not seen with respectful manners and citizens of this country go to all search process. The international business market does not give space easily to the product of corrupt images countries and does not have faith in business deals.

Education System.     

The education system of all countries and states is like a backbone for making the progress in all respect. Because this system provides professional manpower to the country like economists, doctors, paramedics staff, engineers, technicians, and teachers but corruption adversely affects the system and the system fails to do so. Incompetent persons purchase the degrees. These persons take the jobs with corruption. Therefore government and private institutions do not perform properly. Even unprofessional and incompetent teachers take employment in the education sector with corruption. In this way, the right persons are deprived of taking jobs. Due to corruption in the education sector cost of the education increases, thereby among lower-income students deprived take admission to school colleges and universities. The corrupt staff of schools, colleges, and universities sells intoxication to the students. Even female students also seem to take the intoxication. This situation is very alarming.

Violation of Rules.    

Corruption opens the way to the violation of the rules and also provides shelter to criminal persons. Violation of children's rights, violation of women's rights, smuggling of arms and ammunition and violation of traffic rules are commonly seen. Everybody wants to shortcut and does not follow rules and regulations.

National Security Risk. 

Before mentioning the consequence of corruption on National Security, we should know what security is and how many types are of security. I want to define it in short and simple words but with a comprehensive meaning ''security means the safety of all in all respect''. According to international level existed materials, a lot of types of security have been mentioned. However, there are three main types of security.

Security of Persons.    

Society feels insecure and uncertain because criminal activities are increased like theft, looting at gunpoint, and kidnapping. Innocent people are killed by  Information security is very important for the state and its institution in all respect. All ongoing, completed and especially combined in future projects. Corruption cannot be ruled out in the leak of a sensitive piece of information and this loss is irreparable. criminal persons for money. Corruption plays a vital role to promote terrorism.

Security of Property/Assets. 

Government property is not mean only government accommodations, land, stores vehicles or machinery. It means all national and private sector classified documents and their relevant material.

Security of Information.  It means to keep the secret of all sensitive data from those people who are unauthorised to see and inspect it.

Who is to Blame for Corruption.  

Everyone knows very well that no single country is entirely saved from the evil of corruption. In every place in the world, the evil of corruption exists in different shapes. I personally feel that a single factor cannot play its role in provoking corruption in society. High-level groups and gangs are doing corruption. If any single gentleman, he is a politician or government employee or Head of a department does not want to do corruption. He would be so compelled by the corrupt coalition to bow his knee in front of corrupt elements. Everybody wants to shortcut. However, a lot of reasons and factors are written for corruption. I think corrupt politicians and high-level officials are irresponsible for spreading and creating an atmosphere of corruption. Politicians are responsible for legislating. They legislate for their personal advantage. Even some already existing rules were also amended for personal benefits. It has also been observed that international level businessmen are also involved in this game. All under command persons know about the corruption of their seniors therefore, they do the corruption without any fear. In some countries, law enforcement agencies and the judiciary system is also involved in corruption. A common man does not go to court for seeking justice.  

How can you Stop Corruption?    

Efforts are being made to curb the tendency of corruption in every country including at the international level. According to my personal observations and experience following steps should be taken to control the corruption:-

• Implementation of Rules and Regulation.    It is imperative to understand what our rules and regulations are and we why should follow them. Rules offer guidelines and instructions to a person for performing his/her duties. Regulation refers to the directives or statutes enforced by law in a particular country. Promulgation of rules and regulations is for the implementation of policies and objectives of the state under the Act. It aims to provide the facility to management for good performance. No one and over and above than rules of law. If all government and private sectors from top-level officials to down employees are being implemented rules regulation, corruption chance can be finished.

• Discretion Power.    Professor Harold Laski has defined discretionary power as that authority of the executive whether in matters of substance or of procedure or both, which it is free as to think fit. Legally, it is the power to exercise discretion with which the court cannot interfere. Discretionary authority may proceed from two sources. It may be conferred on a person or a body of persons by the action of the legislature by statute, or it may be based upon convention, but whatever the source, it is exercised in both cases with outside interference. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002085234901500302?journalCode=rasa. As per the Wikipedia definition, discretion has the meaning of acting on one's own authority and judgement. In law, discretion as to legal ruling, such as whether evidence is excluded at a trial, may be exercised by a judge. Some view discretion as negative, while some view it positively. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretion. As per my personal feeling, discretion power has a totally negative impact, this power provokes the rich and elite community to violate the rules and regulations. Discretion of power is the main cause of misuse of powers which leads to corruption. It is also the main cause of injustice and unemployment. I would like to say here that discretion power is against natural law because this power is for Allah Almighty. 

• Reform in Judiciary System.    Every institution has space for its improvement. The judiciary system at the world level is very much costly and lengthy. A common person who is not financially sound does not go to court for his/her right or justice because he cannot pay the heavy fees of lawyers. It has also been learnt that some corrupt elements in the judiciary system take a bribe for giving a favourable decision.

• Salaries Different/Inequality.    The Salay of lower-level government employees and private sectors is very much less than officers. In some places, lowe level employees are performing sensitive and important duties and their minor mistakes and carelessness can loss of thousands of lives. For example, a bus driver or a man who is responsible for giving the up-down signal at the railway station for incoming and outgoing trains. But the salaries of these persons are very less if done compared according to their responsibilities. Some experts have the opinion that lower levels employees or poor people are involved in corruption to become rich men,. But my personal feelings are that inequality, much difference in salaries between an officer and lower-level employees is a big reason for corruption, and it should not be ruled out.

• International Loophole.    Some corrupt elements who have strong political backgrounds or high-level officials or international level businessmen transfer the money to another country through money laundering. They open their bank accounts without any investigation or hurdle. Internation offshore companies are also loopholes of corruption. A comprehensive policy should be formulated to stop the loophole which facilitates corruption and illegal transactions. 

• Punishment.      Severe punishment should be awarded to the culprits of corruption. It is an ideal way to stop corruption. In this way, only corruption will not control, other crimes will also be automatically reduced due to the fear of punishment. 

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